Why Do Cats Spray? (And How to Stop It!)

Your cat’s quirks and behaviors are unique. Of course, that doesn't mean you have to like everything they do. It can be frustrating and puzzling when your cat starts spraying urine around your home, but instead of getting mad, it's far more beneficial for both you and your pet to find out why. While every cat is different, spraying is a common behavior that may indicate something more is going on.

Let's delve into the reasons behind this behavior and explore effective solutions to help you and your feline friend.

What is cat spraying?

Cat spraying, also known as urine marking, is a natural behavior in cats. That said, not all cats will actually engage in spraying during their lifetime, and those that do can vary greatly in frequency. It's also worth noting that cat spaying is more common unspayed or unneutered individuals.

But what is it, exactly? If you've never witnessed it, this behavior can be a bit tough to spot and may be mistaken for light urination. That's because feline spraying involves the cat releasing a small amount of urine, usually against a vertical surface. This behavior is different from regular urination, which occurs in the litter box.

Why do cats spray?

So, why do some cats spray? The reasoning behind your cat spraying could indicate a variety of things, from stress to illness. 

“Cat spraying can be a normal behavior but is typically considered unacceptable when household possessions are targeted," says Trupanion veterinarian Dr. Sarah Nold. "Often, cat spraying is used to describe urine being deposited on vertical surfaces while a cat is in a standing position, but to complicate the topic it can also occur on horizontal surfaces. Intact cats spray to signal availability for mating."

According to VCA Animal Hospitals, cat spraying is commonly seen as a territorial behavior that may come about when a cat feels threatened or imposed upon. It is also much more typically associated with male, intact cats, although the behavior is far from exclusive to them.

"Neutered cats can also spray and other factors, including illness, can trigger spraying," Nold explains. "For example, urine spraying can sometimes be seen in cats with hyperthyroidism.”

4 key reasons for cat spraying

1. Territorial instincts: Cats are territorial animals by nature. They may spray to establish their territory or to communicate with other cats in the area. This is common when there are multiple cats in a household.
2. Stress and anxiety: Changes in a cat's environment or routine can lead to stress and anxiety, prompting them to spray. This could include moving to a new home, the introduction of a new pet, or even changes in the household dynamics.
3. Medical issues: Sometimes, underlying medical conditions, such as urinary tract infections or bladder stones, can cause discomfort, leading a cat to spray as a way to signal their distress.

4. Hormonal influence: Unneutered male cats are more likely to spray due to hormonal fluctuations. Spaying or neutering your cat can reduce this behavior significantly.

The impact of stress

A simple change in your home can make quite an impact on your feline friend. If your cat is stressed, they may act out in unconventional ways.

Stress and anxiety is a common cause of cat spraying. Many things can cause stress and anxiety for an indoor cat, from seeing outdoor cats through the window to rearranging your furniture,” says Nold.

As a cat owner, it’s important to understand why the cat is spraying and if there is something you can do to help change that behavior. Consider keeping a journal to notate where and when they spray, as there may be an indicator of the reason behind the marking. In addition, share your notes with your veterinarian as they may help in a treatment plan.

Tips to prevent cat spraying

If your cat is starting to spray, schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. They can determine the reason why and the best course of action for your furry friend. In the meantime, a cat-friendly home and a tidy pet space may help when your pet is experiencing stress. Consider prepping your home and having an outlet for your cat to play and interact.

“Environmental enrichment helps to reduce stress and thus can help to prevent cat spraying," says Nold. "However, it is not uncommon for cats that do spray to require behavioral modification medication in combination with environmental management.”

Take extra steps with multi-cat households

If you have multiple cats in your home, one or all of the furry friends could be at heightened risk of wanting to mark their personal space. Of course, you'll need to first determine which feline is doing the deed in order to resolve the issue.

“It is important in households with multiple cats that the correct cat is identified," Nold advises. "Setting up to record video of the targeted area is the most reliable way to determine which cat is spraying. There also may be more than one cat spraying.”

Keep your home cat-friendly

Spraying is just one behavior commonly exhibited when a cat is stressed. By keeping your pet happy and healthy, you can help prevent cat spraying and other unwanted or destructive actions. Cat enrichment is beneficial for all felines. It provides mental, physical, and emotional stimulation. The benefits of play can help curb behavior cues and stress your feline may be feeling. Consider giving your furry friend cat furniture like cat trees, perches, and scratching posts for the ultimate cat-friendly oasis.

Depending on the severity of your cat’s spraying, it may take time to deter any unwanted behaviors. By notating any behavior changes, providing a cat-friendly space, and keeping your veterinarian informed, you can help your cat achieve optimum wellness.

To learn more about cat behavior, check out  Why Do Cats Yowl?