Unique Physical Features

Long, silky white coat

Unique Personality

The Maltese seems to understand its place in history as an ancient symbol of luxury and its role as a comforting lapdog. With an exuberant and loving personality, Maltese have a bit of “diva” in them and can train their humans quite well — something made easier by their big dark eyes and black button nose. Who can resist spoiling these adorable dogs? While pampered, they’re still spunky and love to be active and engaged with their families. They love to strut their stuff when they’re out on the town. They’re also not afraid to make their opinions known and make wonderful alert dogs.

History of the Maltese

The Maltese breed is an ancient one, believed to have been around for more than 2,000 years. The island of Malta, off the coast of Italy, was an important seaport for every Mediterranean empire and surrounding civilizations. From Malta, this small dog breed became a favorite lapdog and companion to the aristocrats and wealthy merchants. We’re talking mentions by Aristotle, Greek tombs erected for the dogs, and depictions in Egyptian and Roman art. While useful rodent catchers, they were also often seen in the sleeves and laps of wealthy Roman matrons, leading to the nickname “Roman Ladies’ Dog”. The Romans further refined the breed, choosing puppies with the whitest coats to continue the line, as they saw white as the color of divinity.

Changes Over Time

When the Roman Empire fell, the breed was kept around by Asian fanciers that crossbred the small white dog with their own lap dog breeds. This resulted in a smaller version of the Maltese that made its way back into Europe during the 18th century. Loved by many, this tiny companion dog was crossed with a variety of other popular breeds such as the Poodle and small spaniels. As many as 9 different types of Maltese were around at the end of the 1700s. Creating a set breed standard proved difficult until the early 1900s. Maltese with two-colored coats or solid non-white coats were allowed to be shown in England until 1913, and in Australia until 1950.

U.S. History of the Maltese Over Time

The Maltese breed made its way to the United States in the 1800s and was at the first Westminster dog show in 1877, shown as the Maltese Lion Dog, a nod to the Asian influence in the breed’s development. In 1888 the Maltese was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club and has been a constant figure in the most popular breed lists since.

Maltese Behavior and Training

The Maltese was bred as a companion dog to warm the laps of its owner, but still have enough energy to walk around town and keep up with family activities. It’s also believed the breed was used to help control rodents and other pests, which explains their love of chasing toys (or squirrels … or birds).

Plays Well with Others?

• While the Maltese is a sociable breed, they need proper proactive exposure to new sights, sounds, people, dogs, and other animals as a young puppy to prevent any future fear. They don’t seem to realize how small they are, so if they are unsure or frightened, they will often bark and act like they can take on the threat. By having lots of positive exposure as a puppy, they’ll learn that new people, places, and other animals aren’t anything to be worried about.

• Due to their small size, care must be taken to ensure their safety around children. They will do well with children if they are socialized from puppyhood, and the children are respectful in their handling of the dog. Young children and dogs should always be supervised, and it’s helpful for a dog to have their own “safe space” where they can go when they need some quiet time.


• A Maltese can do well with other animals when properly introduced and socialized from a young age. Since they don’t understand how small they really are, it’s important to supervise any play with other dogs to make sure they don’t inadvertently get hurt or overreact if they get overwhelmed.

Exercise Requirements

For their small size, Maltese seem to have boundless energy. Fortunately, that same small size makes it easy to give them the exercise they need with simple walks. Most Maltese prefer indoor play to being outside, so playing with their people is often enough to satisfy their exercise needs and build the human-canine bond.

Their petite size means they shouldn’t be jumping from heights such as furniture or out of the car, as it’s easy for them to injure themselves. Maltese can even be seriously injured in jumps or a fall from their owner’s arms. They’ll appreciate easier access to their favorite couch nesting spots with a ramp or dog stairs, and should be lifted in and out of cars and on and off furniture.

Mental Enrichment Needs

Maltese love to be entertained, and providing mental enrichment and brain games will prevent unwanted behaviors. Keep their brain sharp by teaching new tricks, attending obedience classes, joining a dog sport, and providing dog puzzles and interactive toys. Change out the toys and puzzles periodically to keep them on their toes and provide variety for these intelligent dogs.

Common Behavioral Issues

Maltese are known to be on the yappier side — they can bark a lot! This makes them great alert dogs for hearing-impaired owners. To avoid potential problems, they simply need to be taught what to do instead of barking (being quiet, or a nice sit-stay) when someone, for example, comes to the door. Their sharp intellect makes this type of training fairly easy. Though some owners don’t initially see the need for training a small dog, all dogs benefit from training programs and practices to help build good habits and establish bonds with their humans. Positive reinforcement training is crucial for a well-adjusted and happy Maltese!

Fun Activities the Maltese Enjoys

Maltese excel in a variety of size-appropriate activities and sports:

• Small Dog Agility


• Trick Training


• Canine Freestyle


• Rally Obedience


• Conformation

Maltese Coat Type

Maltese coats are white, luxurious, and silky smooth. Because there’s no undercoat, they have minimal shedding. If allowed to grow to the floor, as seen in show dogs, it falls straight and is beautiful to watch when they run. In some cases, they might have some wave or curl, or slight shading of lemon or tan on the ears.

If a Maltese coat is allowed to grow long, it requires thorough daily combing to prevent matting and tangles. Many Maltese owners opt to have their dog groomed in the popular “puppy cut” (a short length all over the body). Professional grooming should be done every 4 to 6 weeks, depending on the owner’s preference for coat length. By introducing your Maltese puppy to positive grooming experiences early, you can help make lifelong grooming easy and stress-free.

The breed is also prone to brown discoloration of tear staining that’s easily visible on their bright white face. Tear staining happens when there is either an overproduction of tears from the eyes and/or a problem with the drainage of tears from the eyes. Both of these problems can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, like allergies or abnormal hairs around the eyes. The chronic wetness from the tears on the skin below the eyes creates the perfect environment for bacteria and/or yeast to overgrow and establish an infection, which further contributes to the brown discoloration of “tear staining.”

Best Brush for a Maltese: Pin comb, Slicker brush

Famous Owners of the Maltese

• Tony Bennett (Singer)


• Jennie Garth (Actress)


• Eva Longoria (Actress/Producer)


• Halle Berry (Actress)


• Liberace (Musician)


• Anna Nicole Smith (Model)


• Elizabeth Taylor (Actress)


• Jennie Garth (Actress)


• Kristin Chenoweth (Actress)


• Marilyn Monroe (Actress)

Famous Maltese

Trouble was one of the richest dogs ever. His owner, Leona Helmsley left him a $12 million dollar trust fund.

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Common Health Conditions for the Maltese Breed

Use the chart of Trupanion claims data below to find out what health conditions happen most frequently for the Maltese breed. Every Maltese is unique, but understanding what health conditions are likelier to occur can help you be a more prepared pet owner.